Table 1 Key goals of GEG and ways to achieve them

1. Security of energy supply and demand

• Managing petroleum reserves to buffer energy shocks (for example, coordinating releases from the IEA member states’ strategic petroleum reserves)

• Energy market information sharing (for example, Joint Organizations Data Initiative) and analysis (for example, World Energy Outlook)

•Addressing pipeline politics and transit route disputes (for example, Russia–Ukraine gas disputes)

•Managing long-term investment issues

2. Economic development

• Reducing energy poverty (for example, rural electrification programmes)

• Facilitating technology transfer and cooperation (for example, energy efficiency programmes, nuclear technology sharing)

• Managing long-term investment profitability and macroeconomic stability

3. International security

• Reducing the risk of nuclear proliferation, nuclear terrorism and civilian nuclear accidents

• Addressing the links between oil, international arms purchases and warfare

• Addressing sea piracy that targets oil and natural gas tankers

• Reducing and mitigating terrorist attacks on pipelines and energy infrastructure (including cyberattacks)

4. Environmental sustainability

• Facilitating cooperation on global climate change

• Developing renewable energy sources, markets and regulations

• Managing national and regional pollution deriving from energy production

• Facilitating carbon pricing policies

5. Domestic good governance

• Addressing human rights violations associated with extractive industries

• Helping governments adopt rational, best-practices in regulation

• Encouraging transparency in energy markets and governance