Table 1 The “3e’s” for assessing research, with associated assessment questions

From: Exploring the effectiveness, efficiency and equity (3e’s) of research and research impact assessment

 

Simplified formula

Associated assessment questions

Effectiveness

Measure outputs for all inputs

INPUT→OUTPUT

Do research inputs lead to outputs, outcomes and impact?

Efficiency

Measure ratio of OUTPUT/INPUT (for comparative analysis)

How well do research inputs lead to research outputs?

Equity

Determine if OUTPUT achieves X (where X=specific goal)

Is the research achieving specific goals, reaching certain beneficiaries, or addressing specific health needs?