Table 1 Recommendations from epistemic pluralism and contextualism for controversies on different epistemic products.

From: How to move beyond epistemic battles: pluralism and contextualism at the science-society interface

Epistemic product

Applications of pluralism and contextualism

Empirical Evidence

â–ª Use and triangulate a plurality of evidence

â–ª Consider context where evidence is produced and applied

Expertise

â–ª Analyse the grounds of pluralist disagreement

â–ª Contextualise assessment of scientific expertise

Model Projection

â–ª Pay attention to context of use of model projections

â–ª Embed models in a pluralistic epistemic landscape