Table 5 Estimates of the presence of at least one SEN student on their peers’ achievement by type of SEN.

From: Students with special educational needs in regular classrooms and their peer effects on learning achievement

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

A. 2nd grade of primary

Reading

Mathematics

Mobility disability

−0.060

−0.058

−0.056

−0.056

−0.049

−0.073

−0.072

−0.069

−0.069

−0.064

 unadjusted p-value

(0.307)

(0.319)

(0.339)

(0.334)

(0.398)

(0.337)

(0.346)

(0.368)

(0.367)

(0.405)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.574]

[0.566]

[0.618]

[0.614]

[0.781]

[0.638]

[0.614]

[0.689]

[0.697]

[0.781]

Vision disability

0.132

0.129

0.133

0.132

0.135

0.139

0.140

0.151

0.151

0.154

 unadjusted p-value

(0.076)*

(0.087)*

(0.079)*

(0.082)*

(0.073)*

(0.114)

(0.113)

(0.088)*

(0.088)*

(0.081)*

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.056]*

[0.052]*

[0.044]**

[0.044]**

[0.040]**

[0.104]

[0.088]*

[0.048]**

[0.044]**

[0.040]**

Hearing disability

0.056

0.059

0.057

0.060

0.066

0.028

0.030

0.028

0.029

0.033

 unadjusted p-value

(0.434)

(0.414)

(0.433)

(0.410)

(0.353)

(0.763)

(0.745)

(0.764)

(0.759)

(0.720)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.853]

[0.785]

[0.825]

[0.805]

[0.705]

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.988]

Cognitive disability

0.008

0.009

0.009

0.009

0.007

0.023

0.023

0.022

0.022

0.021

 unadjusted p-value

(0.755)

(0.740)

(0.746)

(0.731)

(0.784)

(0.501)

(0.504)

(0.517)

(0.515)

(0.543)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.988]

[0.936]

[0.908]

[0.900]

[0.900]

[0.936]

Autistic disorder

−0.021

−0.019

−0.016

−0.017

−0.025

−0.133

−0.131

−0.127

−0.127

−0.133

 unadjusted p-value

(0.814)

(0.835)

(0.861)

(0.851)

(0.782)

(0.184)

(0.193)

(0.212)

(0.211)

(0.188)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.988]

[0.243]

[0.299]

[0.379]

[0.375]

[0.271]

Other

−0.025

−0.024

−0.024

−0.023

−0.021

−0.028

−0.027

−0.027

−0.027

−0.025

 unadjusted p-value

(0.578)

(0.606)

(0.597)

(0.614)

(0.654)

(0.630)

(0.642)

(0.639)

(0.642)

(0.671)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.960]

[0.960]

[0.948]

[0.960]

[0.956]

[0.992]

[0.968]

[0.968]

[0.964]

[0.972]

Observations

55,637

55,637

55,637

55,637

55,637

55,614

55,614

55,614

55,614

55,614

B. 2nd grade of secondary

Reading

Mathematics

Mobility disability

0.093

0.092

0.097

0.097

0.099

0.100

0.100

0.101

0.100

0.100

 unadjusted p-value

(0.030)**

(0.031)**

(0.022)**

(0.023)**

(0.019)**

(0.062)*

(0.055)*

(0.053)*

(0.055)*

(0.052)*

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.012]**

[0.012]**

[0.008]***

[0.008]***

[0.004]***

[0.032]**

[0.028]**

[0.032]**

[0.036]**

[0.028]**

Vision disability

0.042

0.038

0.039

0.039

0.038

0.007

−0.000

−0.001

−0.002

−0.002

 unadjusted p-value

(0.205)

(0.260)

(0.250)

(0.251)

(0.250)

(0.854)

(0.995)

(0.970)

(0.968)

(0.949)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.315]

[0.458]

[0.410]

[0.422]

[0.478]

[0.992]

[0.996]

[1.000]

[1.000]

[1.000]

Hearing disability

−0.006

−0.003

−0.002

−0.002

−0.003

−0.023

−0.021

−0.020

−0.020

−0.023

 unadjusted p-value

(0.919)

(0.963)

(0.974)

(0.970)

(0.956)

(0.785)

(0.800)

(0.812)

(0.806)

(0.782)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.992]

[0.996]

[1.000]

[1.000]

[1.000]

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.988]

Cognitive disability

−0.033

−0.029

−0.026

−0.026

−0.020

0.003

0.008

0.009

0.009

0.013

 unadjusted p-value

(0.140)

(0.193)

(0.227)

(0.226)

(0.354)

(0.916)

(0.772)

(0.740)

(0.746)

(0.613)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.163]

[0.299]

[0.410]

[0.402]

[0.705]

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.952]

Autistic disorder

−0.099

−0.110

−0.110

−0.110

−0.114

0.066

0.046

0.050

0.051

0.046

 unadjusted p-value

(0.463)

(0.435)

(0.435)

(0.438)

(0.415)

(0.668)

(0.762)

(0.746)

(0.740)

(0.764)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.888]

[0.817]

[0.825]

[0.825]

[0.781]

[0.992]

[0.996]

[0.996]

[0.988]

[0.988]

Other

0.019

0.025

0.028

0.028

0.030

0.041

0.050

0.049

0.048

0.050

 unadjusted p-value

(0.633)

(0.515)

(0.477)

(0.479)

(0.428)

(0.501)

(0.414)

(0.423)

(0.425)

(0.408)

 Romano-Wolf p-value

[0.992]

[0.908]

[0.873]

[0.869]

[0.801]

[0.936]

[0.785]

[0.817]

[0.813]

[0.781]

Observations

47,491

47,491

47,491

47,491

47,491

47,484

47,484

47,484

47,484

47,484

Year fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

School fixed effects

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Student controls

 

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Cohort controls

  

Yes

Yes

Yes

  

Yes

Yes

Yes

School controls

   

Yes

Yes

   

Yes

Yes

Family controls

    

Yes

    

Yes

  1. Each column represents a separate regression except for the Romano-Wolf p-value. The Romano-Wolf p-value is estimated by using the command rwolf2 in Stata 18. Student controls include sex, language, and age. Cohort controls include mean age, proportion of male students, proportion of students who speak an indigenous language, and number of students. School controls include the number of students. Family controls include mothers’ age and education and number of siblings. Standard errors clustered at the school level were used to estimate each column.
  2. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.10
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