^aNetherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Wassenaarseweg 72, P.O. Box 792, NL 2300 AT, Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence: Danielle M. Reynald, E-mail: Dreynald@nscr.nl

Abstract

This study presents a new and reliable observational tool for measuring both the potential for guardianship, as well as guardianship in action at residential properties. Tests of our new measurement instrument reveal that guardianship intensity at the property level can be reliably and validly measured through direct observation, and is enhanced by the physical and social environment. The paper reinforces the thesis that residential guardianship intensity is the product of a two-fold action process that involves both the physical potential to carry out supervision of people and places, as well as the acts of monitoring and intervention when necessary. The results of our study confirm that crime levels drop significantly as residential guardianship intensifies.