European Management Review

TABLE 1

FROM:

Missing the starting gun: de alio entry order in new markets, inertia and real option capabilities

Marco S Giarratana

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Table 1. Most cited firms in 380 (Cryptology) USPTO Patent Class, sample patents 1976–1992

Figure and tables index
Firm Citations (C) Patents (P) C/P
IBM5284611.47
Motorola226249.41
Scientific Atlanta2021811.22
Pitney Bowes1651610.31
Qualcomm97332.33
AT&T97812.12
Pioneer95910.55
Philips95713.57
Aisin Seiki83613.83
Stanford University80240
M.I.T.75237.5
NEC72612
General Instruments6888.5
NCR63512.6
Hitachi62415.5
VISA53226.5
Total206116617.34
Other252022411.81

 Data source is the USPTO. First column lists the firms ranked by number of citations received. Second column the number of backward citations, third column the number of patents. The last column shows the ratio between citations and patents. This table shows which are the most important firms cited in the Cryptology technology. As one can see, large ITC firms are the most important sources of patent knowledge spillovers.

Figure and tables index
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