Notes
For the importance of the retrospective burdening of elites to both populist and plebiscitary (or ‘plebeian’) models, see Green (2011: 196).
Verba et al (1978: 1), for example, conclude in their landmark 1978 cross-national study: ‘The political advantage of those citizens more advantaged in socio-economic terms is found in all nations, certainly in all those for which we have data’ – a finding that is repeated in even stronger terms by Verba et al (1995: 1): ‘No democratic nation … lives up to the ideal of participatory equality’.
References
Green, J.E. (2010) The Eyes of the People: Democracy in an Age of Spectatorship, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Green, J.E. (2011) ‘Learning how not to be good: A plebeian perspective’, The Good Society 20 (2): 182–202.
Steiner, W. (2002) Venus in Exile: The Rejection of Beauty in Twentieth-Century Art, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Verba, S., Nie, N.H. and Kim, J. (1978) Participation and Equality: A Seven Nation Comparison, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verba, S. et al. (1995) Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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green, j. figuring out democracy. Eur Polit Sci 14, 165–169 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2015.14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2015.14