^aDepartment of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. E-mail: m.wagner@lse.ac.uk

Abstract

This paper assesses the views on European integration in the French Socialist Party (PS) expressed before the internal referendum on the European Constitutional Treaty on 1 December 2004. Using content analysis of 112 public statements that formed part of the preceding debate, I establish the ideological characteristics of support and opposition to the EU in the PS. This paper has three main aims. First, it considers the extent and nature of opposition to the Constitution in the PS. Second, it places the ratification debate within the context of wider ideological conflicts that oppose social democracy, socialism and left-liberalism. Third, it examines ideological differences within the 'no' camp in the PS.