Former President, Menoua University, Egypt

Correspondence: M.B. Abdel-Motaal, Postal address: 13 Elmekabbaty St., Heliopolis, Cairo 11361, Egypt. E-mail address: abdel motaal@hotmail.com.

This article is a revised version of the presentation rst made to the IAU/UDUAL Joint Conference held at Mexico City in November 2001.

Abstract

Academic freedom is considered from the standpoint of Academia, students and higher learning institutions. The article raises some important principles including the notion of Dual Status that relate to academic freedomfrom the standpoint of Civil Society. Based upon the current situation in Egypt and fromthe author's experience as University President, the article focuses on academic freedom as a condition for the effective functioning of academic work by sta, students and institutions.