TABLE 2
FROM:
New Reforms in the Management of the University: Transition from Centralized to Decentralized (University-Based Management) in Iran
Y Mehralizadeh
BACK TO ARTICLETable 2. Charactersitics of six models of change in universities
| Model | Why change occurs | How the process unfolds | When change occurs | How long it takes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evolutionary | Change is a response to external circumstances, institutional variables, and the environment | The process for change is rational and linear | Social systems as diversified, interdependent, complex systems evolve naturally over time because of external demands | As far as the social demand exists |
| Planned change | Organizations are purposeful and adaptive | The process for change is rational and linear, but individual managers are much more instrumental to the process | Change occurs because leaders, change agents, and others see the necessity of change | After the end of each plann |
| Lifecycle | Lifecycle models evolved from studies of child development and focus on stages of growth, organizational maturity, and organizational decline | Change is conceptua- lized as a natural part of human or organiza- tional development and is cyclical | Birth, growth, maturation, and decline | Depends on the stages at which organization is placed |
| Dialectical | Political models characterize change as the result of clashing ideology or belief systems | The change is consider as a process and conflict is seen as an inherent attribute of human in- teraction It occurs through a process such as persuasion, informal negotiation, mediation, and coali- tion-building | Change processes are considered to be predominantly bargaining, consciousness-raising, persuasion, influence and power, and social movements | Is a matter of debate and social conflict |
| Social cognition | Social-cognition models describe change as being tied to learning and mental processes such as sense-making and mental models. | Change is a process of social learning | Change occurs because individuals see a need to grow, learn, and change their behavior | As far as the organization is interested |
| Cultural | Change within an organization entails alteration of values, beliefs, myths, and rituals | The process for change depends on culture | Change occurs naturally as a response to alterations in the human environment | Culture is always changing. The change process tends to be long term and slow |