TABLE 1
FROM:
Academic Freedom in Europe: A Preliminary Comparative Analysis
Terence Karran
BACK TO ARTICLETable 1. Constitutional protection for freedom of speech and academic freedom — examples
| State/level of protection | Constitutional statement on academic freedom and freedom of expressions |
|---|---|
| Luxembourg Medium | Constitution adopted 17 Oct 1868 Article 24 [Expression]: Freedom of speech in all matters and freedom of the press is guaranteed, subject to the repression of offences committed in the exercise of these freedoms |
| Netherlands Low | The Netherlands Constitution 2002 Article 71. No one shall require prior permission to publish thoughts or opinions through the press, without prejudice to the responsibility of every person under the law |
| Spain High | Constitution of 29 Dec 1978 Article 20 [Specific Freedoms, Restrictions] The following rights are recognized and protected: (a) To express and disseminate thoughts freely through words, writing, or any other means of reproduction; (b) Literary, artistic, scientific, and technical production, and creation; (c) Academic freedom. Article 27 [Education](10) The autonomy of universities is recognized under the terms established by law |
