Skip to main content
Log in

Market-timing skills of socially responsible investment fund managers: The case of North America versus Europe

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Asset Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study analyzes the market-timing skills of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) fund managers based in North America (US & Canada) and Europe. We use a broad sample of 248 North American and 500 European SRI funds during the January 2001-December 2011 period. Our result indicates that market-timing skills exist in both regions and SRI funds are attractive investment instruments. Nonetheless, North American SRI funds are more attractive than the European SRI funds because fund managers from North America possess superior stock selection abilities and market-timing skills.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Conventional funds do not go through a stringent screening process during portfolio formation.

  2. Religious funds are formed based on moral belief or religious teachings that normally exclude the so-called ‘sin’ stock during the screening process. For example, companies in the tobacco, alcohol and gambling industries.

  3. Conservative funds indicate that the fund return’s fluctuation is less than the market return (that is, the fund’s β is less than one).

  4. The other category represents Austria, Belgium, British Virgin Island, Cayman Island, Denmark, Germany, Guernsey, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

  5. Money market funds, certificates of deposit and other short-term obligations.

  6. Not balanced fund, which invest in both equity and fixed income products.

References

  • Ang, W.R. and Lean, H.H. (2013a) Socially responsible investing funds in Asia Pacific. In: C.W. Hooy, R. Ali and G.S. Rhee (eds.) Emerging Market and Financial Resilience: Decouping Growth from Turbulence. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 169–190.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ang, W.R. and Lean, H.H. (2013b) Market timing ability of socially responsible investing funds in Luxembourg. In: R. Mirdala (ed.) Financial Aspects of Recent Trends in the Global Economy (FINART) Vol.II, Craiova, Romania: ASERS Publishing, pp. 128–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, R., Koedijk, K. and Otten, R. (2005) International evidence on ethical mutual fund performance and investment style. Journal of Banking & Finance 29 (7): 1751–1767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, R., Otten, R. and Rad, A.T. (2006) New Zealand mutual funds: Measuring performance and persistence in performance. Accounting & Finance 46 (3): 347–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benos, E. and Jochec, M. (2011) Short term persistence in mutual fund market timing and stock selection abilities. Annals of Finance 7 (2): 221–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, N.P.B. and Busse, J.A. (2001) On the timing ability of mutual fund managers. The Journal of Finance 56 (3): 1075–1094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen, N.P.B. and Busse, J.A. (2005) Short-term persistence in mutual fund performance. Review of Financial Studies 18 (2): 569–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carhart, M.M. (1997) On persistence in mutual fund performance. Journal of Finance 52 (1): 57–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C.R., Lee, C.F., Rahman, S. and Chan, A. (1992) A cross-sectional analysis of mutual funds’ market timing and security selection skill. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 19 (5): 659–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Sustainable Investment Forum (2012) http://eurosif.org/images/stories/pdf/1/eurosif%20sri%20study_low-res%20v1.1.pdf.

  • Fama, E.F. and French, K.R. (1993) Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds. Journal of Financial Economics 33 (1): 3–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferruz, L., Muñoz, F. and Vargas, M. (2012) Managerial abilities: Evidence from religious mutual fund managers. Journal of Business Ethics 105 (4): 503–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferson, W.E. and Schadt, R.W. (1996) Measuring fund strategy and performance in changing economic conditions. Journal of Finance 51 (2): 425–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregoriou, G.N. (2003) Performance evaluation of funds of hedge funds using conditional alphas and betas. Derivatives Use, Trading & Regulation 8 (4): 324–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil-Bazo, J., Ruiz-Verdú, P. and Santos, A. (2010) The performance of socially responsible mutual funds: The role of fees and management companies. Journal of Business Ethics 94 (2): 243–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakamada, T., Takahashi, A. and Yamamoto, K. (2007) Selection and performance analysis of asia-pacific hedge funds. Journal of Alternative Investments 10 (3): 7–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, S., Jo, H. and Statman, M. (1993) Doing well while doing good? The investment performance of socially responsible mutual funds. Financial Analysts Journal 49 (6): 62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, M.K., Khan, A.N.F. and Ngow, T. (2010) Is faith-based investing rewarding? The case for Malaysian islamic unit trust funds. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 1 (2): 148–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayat, R. and Kraeussl, R. (2011) Risk and return characteristics of islamic equity funds. Emerging Markets Review 12 (2): 189–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksson, R.D. and Merton, R.C. (1981) On market timing and investment performance. II. Statistical procedures for evaluating forecasting skills. Journal of Business 54 (4): 513–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, K.A. and Faff, R.W. (2004) Stability, asymmetry and seasonality of fund performance: An analysis of Australian multi-sector managed funds. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 31 (3–4): 539–578.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jagannathan, R. and Korajczyk, R.A. (1986) Assessing the market timing performance of managed portfolios. Journal of Business 59 (2): 217–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, W. (2003) A nonparametric test of market timing. Journal of Empirical Finance 10 (4): 399–425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, G.J., Yao, T. and Yu, T. (2007) Do mutual funds time the market? Evidence from portfolio holdings. Journal of Financial Economics 86 (3): 724–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S., van der Laan, S., Frost, G. and Loftus, J. (2008) The investment performance of socially responsible investment funds in Australia. Journal of Business Ethics 80 (2): 181–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kempf, A. and Osthoff, P. (2007) The effect of socially responsible investing on portfolio performance. European Financial Management 13 (5): 908–922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kreander, N., Gray, R.H., Power, D.M. and Sinclair, C.D. (2005) Evaluating the performance of ethical and non-ethical funds: A matched pair analysis. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 32 (7/8): 1465–1493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mallin, C.A., Saadouni, B. and Briston, R.J. (1995) The financial performance of ethical investment funds. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 22 (4): 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz, H. (1952) Portfolio selection. Journal of Finance 7 (1): 77–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otten, R. and Bams, D. (2002) European mutual fund performance. European Financial Management 8 (1): 75–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prigent, J.-L. (2007) Portfolio Optimization and Performance Analysis. London,UK: Chapman & Hall/CRC, Financial Mathematics Series.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • US Sustainable Investment Forum (2012) http://www.ussif.org/files/Publications/12_Trends_Exec_Summary.pdf.

  • Renneboog, L., Ter Horst, J. and Zhang, C. (2008a) Socially responsible investments: Institutional aspects, performance, and investor behavior. Journal of Banking & Finance 32 (9): 1723–1742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Renneboog, L., Ter Horst, J. and Zhang, C. (2008b) The price of ethics and stakeholder governance: The performance of socially responsible mutual funds. Journal of Corporate Finance 14 (3): 302–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, M. (2004) The performance of socially responsible investments: Investment funds and indices. Financial Markets and Portfolio Management 18 (2): 122–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treynor, J.L. and Mazuy, K.K. (1966) Can mutual funds outguess the market? Harvard Business Review 44 (4): 131–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weng, H. and Trück, S. (2011) Style analysis and value-at-risk of Asia-focused hedge funds. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 19 (5): 491–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Style Research Ltd for providing free access to the data of SMB, HML and MOM. The first author would like to acknowledge the USM fellowship and PRGS grant 1001/PSOSIAL/836029.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

11graduated with a Master of Social Sciences in Economics from Universiti Sains Malaysia. His research focuses on Socially Responsible Investment Funds under the supervision of Dr Hooi Hooi Lean. He has published three book chapters on the performance of Socially Responsible Investment Funds across various regions. His main research interests relate to mutual funds and Socially Responsible Investment Funds. He won the best research award Anugerah Persada Kencana for Master’s Pure Art category in 2012 from Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ang, W., Gregoriou, G. & Lean, H. Market-timing skills of socially responsible investment fund managers: The case of North America versus Europe. J Asset Manag 15, 366–377 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/jam.2014.34

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jam.2014.34

Keywords

Navigation