1. ¹Department of Management, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
2. ²Department of Business Administration, Joseph M. Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
3. ³Graduate School of Management, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

Correspondence: Bradley L Kirkman, Department of Management, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, 4221 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4221, USA. Tel: +1 979 845 8813; Fax: +1 979 845 9641; E-mail: brad.kirkman@tamu.edu

Received 22 August 2002; Revised 8 May 2005; Accepted 17 May 2005; Published online 4 May 2006.

Abstract

Since Geert Hofstede's Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values (Sage, 1980) was published, researchers have utilized Hofstede's cultural values framework in a wide variety of empirical studies. We review 180 studies published in 40 business and psychology journals and two international annual volumes between 1980 and June 2002 to consolidate what is empirically verifiable about Hofstede's cultural values framework. We discuss limitations in the Hofstede-inspired research and make recommendations for researchers who use Hofstede's framework in the future.