1. ¹University of Oklahoma, USA
2. ²Simon Fraser University, Canada
3. ³Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Mexico
4. ⁴University of New South Wales, Australia
5. ⁵Monash University, Malaysia
6. ⁶University of Queensland Business School, Australia
7. ⁷University of Westminster, UK
8. ⁸ESC – Grenoble, France
9. ⁹University of Zagreb, Croatia
10. ¹⁰Lingnan University, Hong Kong
11. ¹¹Anabas Learning Ltd, Thailand
12. ¹²University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
13. ¹³University of Tennessee, USA
14. ¹⁴University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
15. ¹⁵University of Maribor, Slovenia
16. ¹⁶Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
17. ¹⁷VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
18. ¹⁸Florida State University, USA
19. ¹⁹Clinica De Stress E Biofeedback, Brazil
20. ²⁰Florida Atlantic University, USA
21. ²¹University of North Texas, USA
22. ²²University of Dallas, USA
23. ²³University of Minnesota, USA
24. ²⁴Instituto Superior de Ciencias do Trabalho e da Empresa, Portugal
25. ²⁵Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
26. ²⁶University of Hartford, USA
27. ²⁷University of São Paulo, Brazil
28. ²⁸George Washington University, USA
29. ²⁹Pennsylvania State University, USA
30. ³⁰Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan
31. ³¹Georgia State University, USA
32. ³²CEMPRE – Universidade do Porto, Portugal
33. ³³Universidad de los Andes, Colombia
34. ³⁴University of Western Ontario, Canada
35. ³⁵University of Lethbridge, Canada
36. ³⁶Ben-Gurion University, Israel
37. ³⁷University of Connecticut, USA
38. ³⁸Centre for International Business and Economic Research, Vilnius, Lithuania
39. ³⁹University of Texas at Dallas, USA
40. ⁴⁰University of Valencia, Spain
41. ⁴¹National Economics University, Vietnam
42. ⁴²Seoul National University, South Korea
43. ⁴³National University of Singapore, Singapore
44. ⁴⁴Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan
45. ⁴⁵Catholic University of Milan, Italy
46. ⁴⁶University of Kuopio, Finland
47. ⁴⁷University of Sheffield, UK
48. ⁴⁸Retired

Correspondence: DA Ralston, University of Oklahoma, PO Box 720302, Norman, OK 73070, USA. Tel: +1 405 325 7773; E-mail: dralston@ou.edu

Received 13 June 2006; Revised 14 May 2008; Accepted 28 May 2008; Published online 5 March 2009.

Abstract

With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables.