Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Government efficiency and international technology adoption: The spread of electronic ticketing among airlines

  • Article
  • Published:
Journal of International Business Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Extending research on the institution-based view of international business strategy, this paper posits that the international adoption of technology among firms is distinct from its intra-national counterpart because this process is influenced by the efficiency of the government institutions where each firm is located. Low government efficiency delays investment in unknown technologies by increasing contracting hazards, environmental uncertainty and the difficulty of allocating potential returns; thus requiring greater experience on the part of firms when undertaking investment decisions. Furthermore, government inefficiency accentuates the relative significance of firm-specific drivers of technology adoption, but reverses the positive effect of industry competition in promoting technology adoption. I empirically investigate this phenomenon through hazard models analyzing the factors that affect the timing of the adoption of electronic ticketing by close to 180 airlines operating in 110 different countries. The results imply that government inefficiency in certain countries not only leads to slower technology penetration rates compared with their counterparts, but also exacerbates the technology gaps within countries by providing unwarranted advantages to firms that are already well entrenched.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abeyratne, R. 2005. Electronic ticketing in air transport: Commercial strategies and consequences. Journal of World Trade, 39 (6): 1095–1118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abrahamson, E., & Rosenkopf, L. 1997. Social network effects on the extent of innovation diffusion: A computer simulation. Organization Science, 8 (3): 289–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. 2000. Political losers as a barrier to economic development. American Economic Review, 90 (2): 126–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aghion, P., Dewatripont, M., & Rey, P. 1999. Competition, financial discipline and growth. Review of Economic Studies, 66 (4): 825–852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahuja, G., & Yayavaram, S. 2011. Perspective. Explaining influence rents: The case for an institutions-based view of strategy. Organization Science, 22 (6): 1631–1652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aitken, B. J., & Harrison, A. E. 1999. Do domestic firms benefit from direct foreign investment? Evidence from Venezuela. American Economic Review, 89 (3): 605–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allison, P. D. 2001. Survival analysis using the SAS system: A practical guide. Cary, NC: SAS Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari, S. M., Fiss, P. C., & Zajac, E. J. 2010. Made to fit: How practices vary as they diffuse. Academy of Management Review, 35 (1): 67–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antoniou, A. 1992. The factors determining the profitability of international airlines: Some econometric results. Managerial and Decision Economics, 13 (6): 503–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arruñada, B., & Andonova, V. S. 2005. Market institutions and judicial rulemaking. In C. Menard & M. M. Shirley (Eds), Handbook of new institutional economics: 229–250. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Attewell, P. 1992. Technology diffusion and organizational learning: The case of business computing. Organization Science, 3 (1): 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audretsch, D. B., & Feldman, M. P. 1996. R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review, 86 (3): 630–640.

    Google Scholar 

  • Backx, M., Carney, M., & Gedajlovic, E. 2002. Public, private and mixed ownership and the performance of international airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 8 (4): 213–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, S. D. 2004. How do the demands for airport services differ between full-service carriers and low-cost carriers? Journal of Air Transport Management, 10 (1): 33–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barua, A., Sophie Lee, C. H., & Whinston, A. B. 1996. The calculus of reengineering. Information Systems Research, 7 (4): 409–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, T., Demirguc Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. 2005. Financial and legal constraints to growth: Does firm size matter? The Journal of Finance, 60 (1): 137–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behn, B. K., & Riley, R. A. 1999. Using non-financial information to predict financial performance: The case of the US airline industry. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, 14 (1): 29–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belobaba, P. P., Swelbar, W., & Barnhart, C. 2009. Information technology in airline operations, distribution and passenger processing. In P. P. Belobaba, A. Odoni, & C. Barnhart (Eds), The global airline industry: 441–466. Chichester: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. 2004. Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boubakri, N., Cosset, J. C., & Guedhami, O. 2009. From state to private ownership: Issues from strategic industries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 33 (2): 367–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brezis, E. S., Krugman, P. R., & Tsiddon, D. 1993. Leapfrogging in international competition: A theory of cycles in national technological leadership. American Economic Review, 83 (5): 1211–1219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhalis, D. 2004. eAirlines: Strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry. Information and Management, 41 (7): 805–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campos, E. J., Lien, D., & Pradhan, S. 1999. The impact of corruption on investment: Predictability matters. World Development, 27 (6): 1059–1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caselli, F., & Coleman, W. J. 2001. Cross-country technology diffusion: The case of computers. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 91 (2): 328–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C. M., Isobe, T., & Makino, S. 2008. Which country matters? Institutional development and foreign affiliate performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29 (11): 1179–1205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, F. 2007. Passenger use intentions for electronic tickets on international flights. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13 (2): 110–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clougherty, J. A. 2001. Globalization and the autonomy of domestic competition policy: An empirical test on the world airline industry. Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (3): 459–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clougherty, J. A., & Zhang, A. 2009. Domestic rivalry and export performance: Theory and evidence from international airline markets. Canadian Journal of Economics, 42 (2): 440–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comin, D., & Hobijn, B. 2004. Cross-country technology adoption: Making the theories face the facts. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51 (1): 39–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comin, D., & Hobijn, B. 2009. Lobbies and technology diffusion. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91 (2): 229–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comin, D., & Hobijn, B. 2010. An exploration of technology diffusion. American Economic Review, 100 (5): 2031–2059.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D. R., & Oakes, D. 1984. Analysis of survival data. London: Chapman & Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowley, M. A. 2006. Do safeguard tariffs and anti-dumping duties open or close technology gaps? Journal of International Economics, 68 (2): 469–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A. 2008. The effectiveness of laws against bribery abroad. Journal of International Business Studies, 39 (4): 634–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Addio, A. C., & Honoré, B. E. 2011. Duration dependence and time-varying variables in discrete time duration models. Brazilian Review of Econometrics, 30 (2): 17–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Aunno, T., Succi, M., & Alexander, J. A. 2000. The role of institutional and market forces in divergent organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45 (4): 679–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davila, A., & Venkatachalam, M. 2004. The relevance of non-financial performance measures for CEO compensation: Evidence from the airline industry. Review of Accounting Studies, 9 (4): 443–464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, R. D., & Dutton, J. E. 1986. The adoption of radical and incremental innovations: An empirical analysis. Management Science, 32 (11): 1422–1433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dias, D. A., Marques, C. R., & Santos Silva, J. 2007. Time-or state-dependent price setting rules? Evidence from micro data. European Economic Review, 51 (7): 1589–1613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dieleman, M., & Sachs, W. M. 2008. Coevolution of institutions and corporations in emerging economies: How the Salim group morphed into an institution of Suharto's crony regime. Journal of Management Studies, 45 (7): 1274–1300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doganis, R. 2001. The airline business in the 21st century. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, B., & Torgler, B. 2011. Democracy, property rights, income equality, and corruption, FEEM Working Paper, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1756816.

  • Eapen, A. 2012. Social structure and technology spillovers from foreign to domestic firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 43 (3): 244–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterly, W., & Levine, R. 2001. What have we learned from a decade of empirical research on growth? It's not factor accumulation: Stylized facts and growth models. World Bank Economic Review, 15 (2): 177–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, J., & Kortum, S. 1999. International technology diffusion: Theory and measurement. International Economic Review, 40 (3): 537–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckel, C., Eckel, D., & Singal, V. 1997. Privatization and efficiency: Industry effects of the sale of British Airways. Journal of Financial Economics, 43 (2): 275–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, I., Gallais-Hamonno, G., Liu, Z., & Lutter, R. 1994. Productivity growth and firm ownership: An analytical and empirical investigation. Journal of Political Economy, 102 (5): 1006–1038.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiss, P. C., & Zajac, E. J. 2004. The diffusion of ideas over contested terrain: The (non) adoption of a shareholder value orientation among German firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49 (4): 501–534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forman, C. 2002. The corporate digital divide: Determinants of internet adoption. Management Science, 51 (4): 641–654.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuentelsaz, L., Gómez, J., & Palomas, S. 2012. Production technologies and financial performance: The effect of uneven diffusion among competitors. Research Policy, 41 (2): 401–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatignon, H., & Robertson, T. S. 1989. Technology diffusion: An empirical test of competitive effects. Journal of Marketing, 53 (1): 35–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geroski, P. A. 2000. Models of technology diffusion. Research Policy, 29 (4–5): 603–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. 2004. Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9 (3): 271–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, V. P. 1976. Regulation and administered contracts. Bell Journal of Economics, 7 (2): 426–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gong, G., & Keller, W. 2003. Convergence and polarization in global income levels: A review of recent results on the role of international technology diffusion. Research Policy, 32 (6): 1055–1079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gooderham, P. N., Nordhaug, O., & Ringdal, K. 1999. Institutional and rational determinants of organizational practices: Human resource management in European firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44 (3): 507–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodliffe, J. 2005. The hazards of time-varying covariates, Working Paper, Brigham Young University.

  • Gorg, H., & Greenaway, D. 2004. Much ado about nothing? Do domestic firms really benefit from foreign direct investment? World Bank Research Observer, 19 (2): 171–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, B., & Shaw, J. 2008. Low-cost airlines in Europe: Reconciling liberalization and sustainability. Geoforum, 39 (3): 1439–1451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, H. R. 1996. Patterns of competition: The diffusion of a market position in radio broadcasting. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41 (1): 29–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, H. R. 2009. Bigger and safer: The diffusion of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 30 (1): 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, H. R. 2011. Fast and expensive: The diffusion of a disappointing innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 32 (9): 949–968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gu, Q., & Lu, J. W. 2010. Effects of inward investment on outward investment: The venture capital industry worldwide 1985–2007. Journal of International Business Studies, 42 (2): 263–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillén, M. F. 2000. Business groups in emerging economies: A resource-based view. Academy of Management Review, 43 (3): 362–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guler, I., Guillén, M. F., & Macpherson, J. M. 2002. Global competition, institutions, and the diffusion of organizational practices: The international spread of ISO 9000 quality certificates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47 (2): 207–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellman, J. S., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. 2003. Seize the state, seize the day: State capture and influence in transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31 (4): 751–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoekman, B. M., Maskus, K. E., & Saggi, K. 2005. Transfer of technology to developing countries: Unilateral and multilateral policy options. World Development, 33 (10): 1587–1602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, S. 1998. Changing planes: A strategic management perspective on an industry in transition. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • IATA. 2012. E-ticketing, http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/stb/pages/e-tiketing.aspx, accessed 20 August 2012.

  • Jensen, R. 1982. Adoption and diffusion of an innovation of uncertain profitability. Journal of Economic Theory, 27 (1): 182–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karshenas, M., & Stoneman, P. L. 1993. Rank, stock, order, and epidemic effects in the diffusion of new process technologies: An empirical model. RAND Journal of Economics, 24 (4): 503–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. 2008. Governance matters VII: Aggregate and individual governance indicators 1996–2007, Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank, Washington, DC.

  • Keller, W. 2004. International technology diffusion. Journal of Economic Literature, 42 (3): 752–782.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. 1997. Why focused strategies may be wrong for emerging markets. Harvard Business Review, 75 (4): 41–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimberly, J. R., & Evanisko, M. J. 1981. Organizational innovation: The influence of individual, organizational, and contextual factors on hospital adoption of technological and administrative innovations. Academy of Management Journal, 24 (4): 689–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. 2003. Survival analysis: Techniques for censored and truncated data. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konings, J. 2001. The effects of foreign direct investment on domestic firms: Evidence from firm-level panel data in emerging economies. Economics of Transition, 9 (3): 619–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer, K. L., Dedrick, J., Melville, N., & Zhu, K. 2006. Global e-commerce: Impacts of national environments and policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lall, S. 1992. Technological capabilities and industrialization. World Development, 20 (2): 165–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. 1997. Legal determinants of external finance. Journal of Finance, 52 (3): 1131–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. 1999. The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15 (1): 222–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini, S. G. 2007. The impact of membership in competing alliance constellations: Evidence on the operational performance of global airlines. Strategic Management Journal, 28 (4): 345–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le, H. Q., & Pomfret, R. 2011. Technology spillovers from foreign direct investment in Vietnam: Horizontal or vertical spillovers? Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 16 (2): 183–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Y., & Peng, M. W. 1999. Learning to compete in a transition economy: Experience, environment, and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30 (2): 269–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahmood, I. P., & Rufin, C. 2005. Government's dilemma: The role of government in imitation and innovation. Academy of Management Review, 30 (2): 338–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, E. 1968. Industrial research and technological innovation. New York: W.W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCalman, P. 2001. Reaping what you sow: An empirical analysis of international patent harmonization. Journal of International Economics, 55 (1): 161–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCann, B. T., & Folta, T. B. 2008. Location matters: Where we have been and where we might go in agglomeration research. Journal of Management Studies, 34 (3): 532–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Megginson, W. L., & Netter, J. M. 2001. From state to market: A survey of empirical studies on privatization. Journal of Economic Literature, 39 (2): 321–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, K. E., & Sinani, E. 2009. When and where does foreign direct investment generate positive spillovers? A meta-analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 40 (7): 1075–1094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milliou, C., & Petrakis, E. 2009. Timing of technology adoption and product market competition, CESifo Working Paper, Ifo Institute for Economic Research.

  • Ng, C. K., & Seabright, P. 2001. Competition, privatisation and productive efficiency: Evidence from the airline industry. The Economic Journal, 111 (473): 591–619.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, S. J. 1996. Competition and corporate performance. Journal of Political Economy, 104 (4): 724–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, D. C. 1990. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, R. M. 2007. A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality and Quantity, 41 (5): 673–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hanlon, A. 2007. Global airlines: Competition in a transnational industry, (3rd edn) Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliva, T. A. 1991. Information and profitability estimates: Modelling the firm's decision to adopt a new technology. Management Science, 37 (5): 607–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osterman, P. 1994. How common is workplace transformation and who adopts it? Industry and Labor Relations Review, 47 (2): 173–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oxley, J. E. 1999. Institutional environment and the mechanisms of governance: The impact of intellectual property protection on the structure of inter-firm alliances. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 38 (3): 283–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., & Delios, A. 2006. What determines the scope of the firm over time and around the world? An Asia Pacific perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23 (4): 385–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., Tan, J., & Tong, T. W. 2004. Ownership types and strategic groups in an emerging economy. Journal of Management Studies, 41 (7): 1105–1129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, M. W., Wang, D., & Jiang, Y. 2008. An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 39 (5): 920–936.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Aleman, P. 2011. Collective learning in global diffusion: Spreading quality standards in a developing country cluster. Organization Science, 22 (1): 173–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. 2000. Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14 (1): 15–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pustay, M. W. 1992. Toward a global airline industry: Prospects and impediments. Logistics and Transportation Review, 28 (1): 103–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajan, R. G., & Zingales, L. 2003. The great reversals: The politics of financial development in the twentieth century. Journal of Financial Economics, 69 (1): 5–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinganum, J. F. 1981. On the diffusion of new technology: A game theoretic approach. Review of Economic Studies, 48 (3): 395–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinganum, J. F. 1983. Technology adoption under imperfect information. Bell Journal of Economics, 14 (1): 57–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., & Eden, L. 2005. Government corruption and the entry strategies of multinationals. Academy of Management Review, 30 (2): 383–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. M. 1995. Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouvinen, P. 2006. Diffusion of digital mobile telephony: Are developing countries different? Telecommunications Policy, 30 (1): 46–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, W. G., & Tuschke, A. 2007. The adoption of institutionally contested organizational practices: The emergence of stock option pay in Germany. Academy of Management Journal, 50 (1): 33–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santacreu, A. M. 2009. Innovation, diffusion and trade: Theory and measurement, Working Paper, New York University.

  • Sethi, V., & King, W. R. 1994. Development of measures to assess the extent to which an information technology application provides competitive advantage. Management Science, 40 (12): 1601–1627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer, A. 1998. State versus private ownership. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (4): 133–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. 1993. Corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (3): 599–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. 1994. Politicians and firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109 (4): 995–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J. E. 1989. Markets, market failures, and development. The American Economic Review, 79 (2): 197–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoneman, P., & Diederen, P. 1994. Technology diffusion and public policy. Economic Journal, 104 (425): 918–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strang, D., & Soule, S. A. 1998. Diffusion in organizations and social movements: From hybrid corn to poison pills. Annual Review of Sociology, 24 (1): 265–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suyanto, & Salim, R. 2013. Foreign direct investment spillovers and technical efficiency in the Indonesian pharmaceutical sector: Firm level evidence. Applied Economics, 45 (3): 383–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talukdar, D., Sudhir, K., & Ainslie, A. 2002. Investigating new product diffusion across products and countries. Marketing Science, 21 (1): 97–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. J. 1980. The diffusion of an administrative innovation. Management Science, 26 (5): 464–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, S., & Pedersen, T. 2000. Ownership structure and economic performance in the largest European companies. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (6): 689–705.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vandecasteele, L., & Debels, A. 2007. Attrition in panel data: The effectiveness of weighting. European Sociological Review, 23 (1): 81–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. P., & Seward, J. K. 1990. On the efficiency of internal and external corporate control mechanisms. Academy of Management Review, 15 (3): 421–458.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. 1985. The economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. 1991. Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36 (2): 219–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xin, K. R., & Pearce, J. L. 1996. Guanxi: Connections as substitutes for formal institutional support. Academy of Management Journal, 39 (6): 1641–1658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., Li, H., Li, Y., & Zhou, L. A. 2010. FDI spillovers in an emerging market: The role of foreign firms’ country origin diversity and domestic firms’ absorptive capacity. Strategic Management Journal, 31 (9): 969–989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, K., Dong, S., Xu, S. X., & Kraemer, K. L. 2006. Innovation diffusion in global contexts: Determinants of post-adoption digital transformation of European companies. European Journal of Information Systems, 15 (6): 601–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, K., Kraemer, K. L., & Xu, S. 2006. The process of innovation assimilation by firms in different countries: A technology diffusion perspective on e-business. Management Science, 52 (10): 1557–1576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

For their help and comments on earlier drafts of this paper, I would like to thank Area Editor Paul Almeida and three anonymous reviewers; Núria Mas, Joan Enric Ricart, Miguel Cantillo, Miguel Canela, William Pershke, Gabriel Oueidat, Joseph Cheng, Preet Aulakh, John Nye, Eduardo Araral, Philip Keefer, Cheryl Long, Henry Mohrman, Andrew Delios, Narayan Bulusu, Javier Gómez Biscarri, Candice Alabanza-Iyog, Teodoro Padilla, Douglas Chun, George White III, and Bobby Diaz de Rivera; and reviewers and participants in the SMS Conference in Washington, USA, in the ISNIE Conference in Stirling, Scotland, in the ASIASIA Workshop of the National University of Singapore, in the JIBS Paper Development Workshop and AIB Conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the Ronald Coase Institute Workshop, Xiamen, China.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. John Gokongwei School of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines

    Roberto Martin N Galang

Authors
  1. Roberto Martin N Galang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roberto Martin N Galang.

Additional information

Accepted by Paul Almeida, Area Editor, 15 June 2012. This paper has been with the author for three revisions.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Galang, R. Government efficiency and international technology adoption: The spread of electronic ticketing among airlines. J Int Bus Stud 43, 631–654 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.20

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.20

Keywords

Search

Navigation