Skip to main content
Log in

Informal alcohol in Malawi: Stakeholder perceptions and policy recommendations

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Public Health Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Through the eyes of those involved in the alcohol policy-making process in Malawi, we explored the role of informal (non-commercial) alcohol in rural communities, its harmful effects, and implications for appropriate national policy. Harms included early drinking initiation, violence, and sexual risk exposure. Informants suggested that policy should address informal alcohol’s content, selling times, and easy access. Because most informal alcohol producers are women who rely upon sales for subsistence, policies must avoid limiting women’s economic opportunities while protecting community health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Lim, S.S. et al (2012) A comparative risk assessment of the burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. The Lancet 380 (9859): 2224–2260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obot, J.S. (2006) Alcohol use and related problems in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Drug & Alcohol Studies 5 (1): 17–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2011) Global Status Report on Alcohol 2011. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization [cited 29 September 2013], http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/en/index.html.

  • Lachenmeier, D.W. and Rehm, J. (2009) Unrecorded alcohol: A threat to public health? Addiction 104 (6): 875–877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2010) Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization [cited 27 January 2011], http://www.who.int/entity/substance_abuse/msbalcstragegy.pdf.

  • Haworth, A. and Acuda, S. (1998) Sub-Saharan Africa. In: M. Grant (ed.) Alcohol and Emerging Markets. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasapila, W. and Mkandawire, T.S. (2010) Drinking and smoking habits among college students in Malawi. European Journal of Social Sciences 15 (3): 441–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, J. (2002) Potent brews. A Social History of Alcohol in East Africa 1850–1999. Oxford, UK: British Institute in Eastern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jernigan, D. (2000) Applying commodity chain analysis to changing modes of alcohol supply in a developing country. Addiction 94 (S4): S465–S75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisika, T., Konyani, S. and Chamangwana, I. (2004) Rapid situation assessment of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in Malawi. In: Security MoHAaI (ed.) Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security p.

  • Zverev, Y. (2008) Problem drinking among university drinking in Malawi. Collegium Anthropologicum 32 (1): 27–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakke, Ø and Endal, D. (2010) Alcohol policies out of context: Drinks industry supplanting government role in alcohol policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Addiction 105 (1): 22–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, FORUT Norway. (2012) National Alcohol Policy Development: Best Practice – Malawi's Experience. Lilongwe/Brazzaville/Oslo: WHO Regional Office for African and FORUT Norway.

  • Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990) Basics of qualitative reserach: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques Newbury Park. California: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIA. (2010) The World Factbook. Langley, VA: CIA.

  • Mutisya, D. and Willis, J. (2008) Budget drinking: Alcohol consumption in two Kenyan towns. Journal of Eastern African Studies 3 (1): 55–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NSO, MACRO. (2011) Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Zomba, Malawi and Calverton, Maryland: NSO and ORC Macro.

  • Schneider, M., Chersich, M., Neuman, M. and Parry, CD. (2012) Alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS: The neglected interface. Addiction 107 (8): 1369–1371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellis, M.A. et al (2010) A cross-sectional survey of compliance with national guidance for alcohol consumption by children: Measuring risk factors, protective factors and social norms for excessive and unsupervised drinking. BMC Public Health 10: 547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kabiru, C., Beguy, D., Crichton, J. and Ezeh, A.C. (2010) Self-reported drunkenness among adolescents in four sub-Saharan African countries: Associations with adverse childhood experiences. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 4: 17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odhav, B and Naicker, V. (2002) Mycotoxins in South African traditionally brewed beers. Food Additives and Contaminants 19 (1): 55–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leff, S.S. et al (2010) Using community-based participatory research to develop the PARTNERS youth violence prevention program. Progress in Community Health Partnerships 4 (3): 207–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huberty, J.L., Balluff, M., O'Dell, M. and Peterson, K. (2010) From good ideas to actions: A model-driven community collaborative to prevent childhood obesity. Preventive medicine 50 (S): S36–S43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dag Endal and Oystein Bakke for their participation in this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rupali J Limaye.

Additional information

Easy access to alcohol drinks brewed and sold informally in rural communities poses risks associated with early drinking initiation, violence, and sex. Policy options exist to reduce these.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Limaye, R., Rutkow, L., Rimal, R. et al. Informal alcohol in Malawi: Stakeholder perceptions and policy recommendations. J Public Health Pol 35, 119–131 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2013.43

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2013.43

Keywords

Navigation