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July 2003, Volume 1, Number 1, Pages 2-10
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| Article |
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| The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process |
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| Ikujiro Nonaka1,2,3 and Ryoko Toyama4 |
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1The Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University, Japan
2Institute of Management, Innovation and Organization, UC Berkeley, USA
3Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland
4Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Knowledge Science, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa, Japan
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Correspondence to: Ryoko Toyama, Japan Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Graduate School of Knowledge Science, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 932-1292 Japan. Tel: +81-761-1722; E-mail: rtoyama@jasist.ac.jp |
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| Abstract |
| This paper is a part of our attempt to build a new knowledge-based theory of the firm and organization to explain the dynamic process of knowledge creation and utilization. For this, we revisit the theory of knowledge creation through the SECI process and ba, and try to advance them further by incorporating the dialectic thinking. In this paper, knowledge creation is conceptualized as a dialectical process, in which various contradictions are synthesized through dynamic interactions among individuals, the organization, and the environment. With the view of a firm as a dialectic being, and strategy and organization should be re-examined as the synthesizing and self-transcending process instead of a logical analysis of structure or action. An organization is not an information-processing machine that is composed of small tasks to carry out a given task, but an organic configuration of ba. Ba, which is conceptualized as a shared context in motion, can transcend time, space, and organization boundaries to create knowledge.
Knowledge Management Research & Practice (2003) 1, 2-10. doi:10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500001 |
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| Keywords |
| Knowledge-creation; Dialectic Ba structuration |
| Received 24 January 2003; revised 28 February 2003; accepted 17 March 2003 |
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