Abstract
This study considers the dilemma faced by employees every time a colleague requests knowledge: should they share their knowledge? We use adaptive cost theory and self-efficacy theory to examine how individual characteristics (i.e., self-efficacy and trait competitiveness) and situational perceptions (i.e., ‘busyness’ and perceived competition) affect knowledge sharing behaviours. A study was conducted with 403 students who completed a problem-solving exercise and who were permitted (but not required) to respond to requests for knowledge from people who were doing the same activity. Our results suggest that people who perceive significant time pressure are less likely to share knowledge. Trait competitiveness predicted perceived competition. This and low task self-efficacy created a sense of time pressure, which in turn led to people feeling ‘too busy’ to share their knowledge when it was requested. Perceived competition was not directly related to knowledge sharing. Implications for research and practitioners are discussed.
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Appendix
Appendix
Measures
Knowledge sharing (Connelly et al, 2012)
When my partner asked me the question, I …
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1
explained everything very thoroughly.
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2
went out of my way to ensure that I understood the request before responding.
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3
told my counterpart exactly what s/he needed to know.
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4
looked into the request to make sure my answers were accurate.
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5
answered all his/her questions immediately.
Perceived time pressure (Putrevu & Ratchford, 1997)
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1
I found myself pressed for time when I solved the problems.
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2
I had an insufficient amount of time available to complete the exercise.
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3
I was in a hurry when I did the exercise.
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4
I tried to solve the problems as quickly as possible because I had many other problems to solve.
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5
I did not have enough time to complete the exercise.
Perceived competition was measured with a four-item scale developed by Brown et al (1998).
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1
Students during the exercise were generally very competitive.
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2
Students were competitive in trying to get the highest score.
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3
The participants of the exercise were competitive about trying to do well.
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4
Students were aggressively trying to outperform others during the exercise.
Task self-efficacy (Jones, 1986)
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1
A similar set of math problems is well within the scope of my abilities.
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2
I do not anticipate any problems in solving a similar set of math problems
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3
I feel I am overqualified for answering a similar set of math problems.
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4
I have the expertise to deal with a similar set of math problems.
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5
I feel confident that my math skills and abilities equal of exceed those of my classmates.
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6
My past academic experience and accomplishments increase my confidence that I will be able to perform successfully on a similar math task.
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7
I could have handled a more challenging set of math problems than the one I was doing.
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8
Professionally speaking, solving a similar set of math problems exactly satisfies my expectations of myself.
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Connelly, C., Ford, D., Turel, O. et al. ‘I’m busy (and competitive)!’ Antecedents of knowledge sharing under pressure. Knowl Manage Res Pract 12, 74–85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2012.61
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2012.61