^aLondon South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK

Correspondence: Jon Warwick, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK

Abstract

The Holon Framework combines elements of both soft and hard systems thinking. From its origins in software project management, the framework has evolved into an approach that can be used to explore complex and messy managerial situations and has benefited from application in a number of case studies. We briefly describe two studies that have helped to shape the framework and illustrate some of the lessons learned from its application to real-world problems.