FIGURES AND TABLES

Figure 1.

Common hotspot mapping techniques. (a) Point mapping, (b) standard deviational spatial ellipses, (c) thematic mapping of administrative units, (d) grid thematic mapping and (e) KDE.

Figure 2.

The Camden and Islington study area in central/north London.

Figure 3.

Hotspots were determined by selecting the uppermost thematic class calculated using the five classes and the default values generated from applying the quantile thematic range method in MapInfo.

Figure 4.

Hotspot maps generated from 3 months of residential burglary input data (measurement date of the 1 January 2003) using (a) STAC, (b) thematic mapping of output areas, (c) grid thematic mapping and (d) KDE. Each map is shown with its PAI value, based on 1 month of measurement data.

Figure 5.

KDE hotspot maps of (a) residential burglary and (b) street crime, generated from 3 months input data, and where the hotspot area in each is controlled to represent 3 per cent of the total area. Each figure is presented with its PAI value and its hotspot hit rate for predicting where crimes in the next month occurred. The street crime hotspot map is over twice as a good as the residential burglary hotspot map for predicting where crimes of the respective crime type may occur in the future.

Table 1 - Number of crime events, by type, for each calendar year.

Table 2 - Temporal slices of input data for generating hotspot maps, for (a) a measurement date of the 1 January 2003 and (b) a measurement date of the 13 March 2003.

Table 3 - Temporal slices of measurement data for calculating the ability of hotspot maps to predict spatial patterns of crime, for (a) a measurement date of the 1st January 2003 and (b) a measurement date of the 13 March 2003.

Table 4 - Hotspot Detective KDE default values (C.S. – cell size and B. – bandwidth) for each crime type and each period of input data, for (a) a measurement date of the 1 January 2003 and (b) a measurement date of the 13 March 2003.

Table 5 - PAI values for residential burglary, street crime, theft from vehicles and theft of vehicles.

Table 6 - PAI values for different hotspot mapping techniques.

Table 7 - PAI values for different hotspot mapping techniques, by crime type.