Skip to main content
Log in

Dementia and the inter-embodied self

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Social Theory & Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the twenty-first century, new forms of community in dementia are emerging. The existence of these communities challenges the individualisation of the self, which has come to characterise ‘person-centred’ approaches to dementia care over the past 30 years. In this article, an alternative approach (the inter-embodied self) is presented. This approach to promoting selfhood in dementia is based on the premise that the self is not an intrinsic aspect of embodied Being but is instead a transactive phenomenon, which exists in a perpetual state of becoming. As such, the primary goal of practitioners should not be the fixing, reviving or re-unifying of a pre-morbid self but, instead, enabling a rich and polyphonic montage of selves to emerge. Drawing on a short documentary film about experiences of friendship in dementia, the article concludes by highlighting the potential contribution of the inter-embodied self to contemporary dementia care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. I am grateful to Dr Caroline Jenkins, Associate Professor, University of British Columbia, for this phrase.

References

  • Alzheimer’s Society. (2012) Factsheet 400: What Is Dementia? London: Alzheimer’s Society.

  • Aronson, M.K. and Lipkowitz, R. (1981) Senile dementia, Alzheimers type – The family and the health-care-delivery system. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 29 (12): 568–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, M. (2012) Care in Everyday Life. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, R. (2012) The emergent modes of dementia activism. Ageing & Society, advance online publication 20 November, doi: 10.1017/S0144686 × 12001158, http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8750506.

  • Bartlett, R. and O'Connor, D. (2007) From personhood to citizenship: Broadening the lens for dementia practice and research. Journal of Aging Studies 21 (2): 107–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishara, D. (2012) Treatment strategies and psychopharmacology: Drugs for dementia. Medicine 40 (2): 684–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bleathman, C. and Morton, I. (1992) Validation therapy – Extracts from 20 groups with dementia sufferers. Journal of Advanced Nursing 17 (6): 658–666.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford Dementia Group. (1997) Evaluating Dementia Care: The DCM Method. Bradford, UK: Bradford Dementia Group.

  • Brooker, D. (2007) Person-centred Dementia Care: Making Services Better. London: Jessica Kingsley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooker, D., La Fontaine, J., De Vries, K., Porter, T. and Surr, C. (2011) ‘How Can I Tell You What’s Going on Here?’ The Development of PIECE-dem: An Observational Framework to Bring to Light the Perspective of Residents with Advanced Dementia Living in Care Homes. London: Department of Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D. and Eisdorfer, C. (1986) The Loss of Self: A Family Resource for the Care of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health. (2007) Putting People First: A Shared Vision and Commitment to the Transformation of Adult Social Care. London: HM Government.

  • Foucault, M. (1988) Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michael Foucault. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusets Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geertz, G. (1975) On the nature of anthropological understanding. American Scientist 63 (1): 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermans, H.J.M. (2001) The dialogical self: Toward a theory of personal and cultural positioning. Culture & Psychology 7 (3): 243–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J.C., Bamford, C. and May, C. (2008) Types of centredness in health care: Themes and concepts. Medicine Health Care and Philosophy 11 (4): 455–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitwood, T. (1999) Dementia Reconsidered: The Person Comes First. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kontos, P. (2005) Embodied selfhood in Alzheimer’s disease: Rethinking person centred care. Dementia 4 (4): 553–570.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1952) Field Theory in Social Science: Selected Theoretical Papers by Kurt Lewin. London: Tavistock.

    Google Scholar 

  • LiPuma, E. (2000) Encompassing Others: The Magic of Modernity in Melanesia. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, O., McDade, E., Riverol, M. and Becker, J. (2011) Evolution of the diagnostic criteria for degenerative and cognitive disorders. Current Opinion in Neurology 34 (6): 532–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marková, I. (2003) Consitution of the self: Intersubjectivity and dialogicality. Culture & Psychology 9 (3): 249–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marriott, K. (1976) Hindu transactions: Diversity without dualism. In: B. Kapferer (ed.) Transaction & Meaning: Directions in the Anthropology of Exchange and Symbolic Behavior. Philadelphia, PA: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, pp. 109–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, W., Kontos, P. and Ward, R. (2013) Embodiment and dementia. Dementia 12 (3): 283–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mckeith, I. and Fairbairn, A. (2009) Biomedical and clinical perspectives. In: C.A. Cantley (ed.) Handbook of Dementia Care. Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press, pp. 7–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1968) The Visible and the Invisible: Followed by Working Notes. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolan, M., Davies, S., Brown, J., Keady, J. and Nolan, J. (2004) Beyond ‘person-centred’ care: A new vision for gerontological nursing. International Journal of Older People Nursing 13 (3a): 45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prior, L. (1993) The Social Organisation of Mental Illness. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N. (1996) Inventing Our Selves: Psychology, Power, and Personhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scottish Government. (2011) Standards of Care for Dementia in Scotland. Edinburgh, UK: Scottish Government.

  • Sheinerman, K. and Umansky, S. (2013) Early detection of neurodegenerative diseases: Circulating brain-enriched microrna. Cell Cycle 12 (1): 1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. (2012) From dividual and individual selves to porous subjects. Australian Journal of Anthropology 23 (1): 50–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stokholm, J. et al (2013) Cognitive impairment in the preclinical stage of dementia in ftd-3 chmp2b mutation carriers: A longitudinal prospective study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 84 (2): 170–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strathern, M. (1988) The Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sweeting, H. and Gilhooly, M. (1997) Dementia and the phenomenon of social death. Sociology of Health & Illness 19 (1): 93–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, C. (1989) Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. (2013) About dementia support networks, http://www.dementiasupportnetworks.com/about.html, accessed 28 Febuary.

  • Tronto, J. (1993) Moral Boundaries. A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twigg, J. (2010) Clothing and dementia: A neglected dimension? Journal of Aging Studies 24 (4): 223–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, G. (1999) Body Images: Embodiment as Intercorporeality. London & New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, T. (2012) A Stronger Collective Voice for People with Dementia. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, B., Spector, A., Jones, C., Orrell, M. and Davies, S. (2005) Reminiscence Therapy for Dementia. Oxford: Cochrane Centre for Systematic Reviews.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation. (2012) Dementia: A Public Health Priority. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Download references

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Edinburgh University’s Chancellor’s Fellowship Scheme for providing me with the time to develop these ideas. I am also grateful to Dr Martyn Pickersgill, Dr Catriona Rooke, Dr Amy Chandler and Dr Neneh Rowar-Dewar from the Sociology of Health & Illness Writing Group for their advice, encouragement and support in developing this manuscript. I am also grateful to Dr Ruth Bartlett, University of Southampton, for her support and for allowing me to reproduce quotes from the film Agnes and Nancy (dir. Anne Milne).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jenkins, N. Dementia and the inter-embodied self. Soc Theory Health 12, 125–137 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2013.24

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2013.24

Keywords

Navigation