FIGURE 3

Principles of Islamic law (Qawa'id Fiqhiyah) that governed the rationale for the process of growth and change. The original Arabic version is included for reference. An important goal for these principles is to achieve equity between neighbours when expectations, demands, and needed change would create benefits to one owner to the detriment of his neighbour(s). Two owners (A and B) are illustrated. The effect of these principles over time tends to equitably harmonize the competing and sometimes conflicting demands of adjacent owners. Drawing by the author.